Cylinder and plunger arrangement for high-pressure compressors



July 1927- M. RI'ESNER.

Filed Aug. 19, 1926 MICHAEL REISNER.

INVENTOR ATTORN EY Patented July 19,1927.

M UNITE'DSTA'TES PATENT OF ICE- manner. RIESNER, or omornnnrr; onro, ASSIGNOB ro won'rn moron rum r AND MACHINERY CORPORATION, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATIONOF VIRGINIA.

CYLINDER Ann PLUNGER ARRANGEMENT, FOB, n ron-rnnssunn comrnnssons.

Application filed August 18,1926. sienna. 130,129.

This invention relates to air compressors and more particularly to a balancingarrangement for high pressure or booster compressors. V Y I In booster Compressors or the last stage of multi-stage compressors for handling air or gas at very high pressures, the small diameter of the piston necessitates a compressor of the plunger type, and due to the natureof design, it must necessarily be single acting, and in the present practice of constructing such mechanisms very large frame bearing, crank and connecting rods are required,due to the extremely high peak loads, and it also results inuneven torque efi'ort. It 'is an. object, of the present invention to provide a balancing cylinder which is not a Working cylinder, in connection with such high pressure compressors, whereby the frame loads Will be materially decreased, thus allowing the use of a small frame and which will convert the characteristicsfrom that of a single acting compressor to' that of a two stage compressor with the resulting advantages. v i

\Vith thesegobjects in view the invention consists in various features of construction and combination of parts, which will be first described inconnection with the accompanying drawing which shows in longitudinal sect-ion anair compressor of the preferred form embodying the invention, and features forming the invention will be specifically pointedoutin the claimsu p jInthedraWing is shown a high stage or booster compressor A of approved construction having associated therewith the balancing arrangement B and the operating mecha nism'C, which operating mechanism may be ofany approved type, and while a particular construction of booster or high stage compressor is illustrated, it is to be understood thatthe invention is applicable to such compressors irrespective of their particular details of construction, j

The booster or highstage compressor A comprises a cylinder 1 which has air suction or'rinlet through the Valvestructure 2 and discharge or outlet through the valve structure;3 and in operationthe air, gas or other fluid-,underspressure is drawn into the cylinder '1 where it is compressed to a higher state of compression by action of the piston t after'which it is dischargedthrough the discharge Val VGrBQ In high pressure 'comcause of theextremely high peak loads and also results-in uneven torque eiforts. To balance the, operation of the high pressure compressor structure and change its charac teristics from that ofa single acting com-J pressor to that of a two stage compressor," an auxlhary non-working cylinder 5 is pro-" vided in which a non-compressing piston 6 reclprocates. The piston 6 is connected by a flexible coupling 7 with the piston 4 of the high pressure compressor A. In the form illustrated in the drawing, the piston 6 is connected by a connecting rod 8 with the cross head structure 9 which is in turn connected to the operating shaft 10'of the operating mechanism C so that the balancing. cylinder and piston structure is interposed between the piston 4 of the high pressure compressor A and its operating mechanism. TlllS construction is a matter of relationship of the parts and it is to be understood that the balancing cylinder 5 and non-compressing balancing piston 6 may be positioned at any desired or convenient place relative to the piston 4 of the compressor A so longras they will properl balance the action of the compressor A an perform their functions. The cylinder 5 has a'port'll communicat mg wlth its head end or the end adjacent to the high pressure piston 4 and this port 11 has connection Withthe atmosphere, or in multi-stage compressors with the low pres sure suction so as to admit air under atmospheric pressure into the cylinder in front of the piston 6. If it'isso desired the head. end of the balancing cylinder 5 may be opened 'direct to the atmosphere through ports or. openings 11 shown in dotted lines in the drawing. A second port 12 communicates with the interior of the cylinder 5 back of the piston 6 at its'crank end or the end adjacent to the operating mechanism- C. This'fport 12 has connection with the, cooler of the first or second stage of a multistage compressor or may receive fluid underlp'ressure from any suitable source. The pressure of the fluid admitted to thecylinder behind the piston 6through the port 12-is of such.

degree asto balance the return pressure of the piston 4 and relieve the operating mech anism of much ofthe stress and load normally. administered'thereto in single acting high. pressure compressors.

The operation of the mechanism just described is'as follows: Assuming that the compressor A is a booster or final stage of a multi-stage compressoigthe fluid entering its cylinder 1 through the inlet 2 is under high pressure and forces the piston t outwardly or back with considerable force, much of which force or pressure is balanced or absorbed by the fluid under pressure within the crank end of: the cylinder 5 behind the piston 6, the pressure of which is less than the pressure of fluid entering the cylinder 1 through theinlet 2. As the piston 4; returns or moves forward in its compressing stroke the pressure of the fluid in the crank end or the cylinder 5 co-operates with the power supplied through the operating mechanism C in moving the piston 4, resulting in no power loss in the operation of the compressor since the piston 6 moves against atmospheric pressure, or a pressure much lower, during the compressing stroke of the piston 4 than during thereturn stroke of the piston 4. The discharge from the cylinder 5 is through the same ports as the inlet thereto and the pressure remains constant within the cylinder 5 onboth forward and backward strokes so thatfrom a; compressing standpoint the cylinderb and piston 6 are non-working or non-compressing, The opening 20 is merely a hand hole to permit access to the stufling box 21 and also serves asa vent for thespace surrounding the studing box but in no way afliects the operation of the compressor.

It will be understood that the inventionis notv to be limited toythe specifi'c construction or arrangement of parts shown but that these may be modified widely within the in ancing'cylinder, a balancing piston therein,

said cylinder receiving fluid under dii 'erent pressures for non-compressing action thereon. by said balancing piston for balancing the action of'said compressing piston.

2; In an air or gascompressor, the combination witha. compressing piston, of a balancingv cylinder, a balancing piston therein, said cylinder receiving fluid under different pressures, thefluid' acted upon by thebalancing piston during intake movement of the compressin piston being under higher pressurefthan the'fluid'acted upon by the balancing" piston during the compressing stroke of the compressing piston. '3'. Inan air or gas compressonjthe combination, with a compressing piston, of a bal ancing cylinder, a balancing piston therein, said cylinder receiving fluid under diiterent pressures on opposite sides of said balancing piston. for balancing the action oii said compressing piston. y

4. In an air or gas compressor, the combination, with a compressing piston, or abalancing cylinder, a balancing piston therein, said cylinder receiving fluid under different pressures on opposite sides of said balancing piston for balancing the action of said compressing piston, said balancing piston discharging fluid at its inlet pressure whereby the pressures in the balancing cylinder remain constant.

5. In an air or gas compressor, the combinat'i'on with a compressing piston, oi a balancing cylinder, a balancing piston therein. movable synchronously with said compressing piston, said cylinder receiving fluid at atmospheric pressure on one side of the balancing piston and fluid under pressure greater than atmospheric on the other side of the balancing piston, for balancing the action of said compressing piston;

6. In an air or gas compressor, the combination with a compressing piston, of a balancing cylinder, a balancing piston therein movable synchronously with said compressing piston, said cylinder receiving fluid at. atmospheric pressure at its head end which fluid is acted, upon by the balancing piston during compressing movement of the compressing piston, and receiving fluid under pressure greater than atmospheric at its crank end, which latter fluid is acted upon by the balancing piston during the intake movement of the compressing piston.

7; In an air or gas.compressoiythejcombination with a. compressing piston, of a balancing cylinder, a balancing piston therein. movable synchronously with said compress ing piston, said cylinder receiving fluidj at atmospheric pressure at its head end which fluid is acted" upon by the balancing piston. during compressing movement of the comr pressing piston, and receiving fluidunder pressure; grflter than atmospheric at its crank end which latter fluid is acted' upon by the balancing piston during the intake; movement of the compressing piston, said balancing cylinder discharging fluid: at its inlet pressure whereby the pressures in the balancing cylinder remainconstant.

8, In an air or gas compressor, thecomhination with a compressing piston, of a balancing cylinder, a balancing, piston therein movable synchronously with said compress; ing piston, said cylinder receiving fluid at atmospheric pressure at its head end which fluid is acted upon by the balancing piston during compressing movement of the compressing piston, and receiving fluid under pressure greater than atmospheric at; its crank endwhich latter fluid is acted upon by the balancin piston during the intake movement of t e compressing piston, the pressure of the fluid received in the crank end of the cylinder bein less than the pressure of inlet fluid acte upon by the compressing piston.

9. In an air or gas compressor, the combination with a compressing piston, of a balancin cylinder, a balancing piston therein mova le synchronously with said compressing piston, said cylinder receiving fluid at atmospheric pressure at its head end which fluid is acted upon by the balancing piston during compressing movement of the compressing piston, and receiving fluid under pressure greater than atmospheric at its crank end which latter fluid is acted upon by the balancing piston during the intake movement of the compressing piston, the pressure of the fluid received in the crank end of the cylinder being less than the pressure of inlet fluid acted upon by the compressing, piston, said balancing cylinder discharging fluid at its inlet pressure whereby the pressures in the balancing cylinder remain constant.

10. In an air or gas compressor, the combination of, a compressing cylinder and comressing piston, a non-compressing balancmg cylinder, and a non-compressing piston therein and connected to said com ressing piston, said non-compressing cylin er having a port at each end to receive and discharge a balancing fluid.

11. In an air or gas compressor, the combination, with a compressing piston, of a balancing cylinder, a balancing piston therein, said cylinder receiving fluid under diflerent pressures, the fluid acted upon by the balancing piston during intake movement of the compressing piston being under higher pressure than the fluid acted upon by the balancing piston during the com ressing stroke of the compressing piston, t e pressure of fluid acted upon by the balancing piston during intake stroke of the compressmg piston being less than the pressure of inlet fluid acted upon by the compressing piston.

12. In an air or gas compressor, the combination of, a compressing cylinder, a piston for compressing fluid to a high pressure, and means for balancing the operation thereof comprising a non-com ressing cylinder receivmg a balancing uid under different pressures at pre-determined times and a noncompressing piston movable therein.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

. MICHAEL RIESNER. 

